Professor Heffron’s work all has a principal focus on achieving a sustainable and just transition to a low-carbon economy, and combines a mix of law, policy and economics.

He has published over 220 publications of different types and is the most cited scholar in his field worldwide for energy law, energy justice and just transition worldwide (7400+ Scopus/14000+ Googlescholar) with translated work in multiple languages including Chinese, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic and Persian. Professor Heffron has given just over 220 keynotes or guest lectures in 71 countries worldwide.

Raphael’s energy research has involved funding from the European Union, ASEAN Centre for Energy, UK Commonwealth, French Regional Government Administration, UK national research councils (the ESRC and the EPSRC), the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (ERA-ACTOM), the British Academy and a European Commission Jean Monnet Professorship 2019-2022. He has given professional expert advice on energy law and policy issues (low-carbon energy and electricity systems) to the EU, UN, Commonwealth Secretariat, World Bank, and various international thinktanks – and he currently serves on the UNECE Group of Experts on Cleaner Electricity Systems. More recently, he has worked on low carbon energy projects for the 10 Member States of the ASEAN Center for Energy (2021); produced policy reports on the energy transition and energy finance for the 54 Member States of the Commonwealth (2021), advised Nigerian Ministries on oil, gas and the energy transition (2019), and Colombian professionals on climate & green finance (2019-23).

He is a reviewer for the most recent IPCC Report the IPCC Cities Report. Raphael is also the Consulting Editor of the current Halsbury’s Laws of England volumes on Energy Law (the leading practitioner energy law series). Raphael is co-editor of the forthcoming Oxford University Press Handbook for International Energy Law. He is on the Editorial Board of the world leading international energy law and business journal the Journal of World Energy Law and Business (OUP), the legal practitioner journal International Energy Law Review, and interdisciplinary journal Oxford Open Climate Change.

Research Publications

Statement of Publications

Books

1. Geoffron, P., Greening, L. A. and Heffron R. J. 2026 (forthcoming). Energy Policymaking in a Cross-national Comparison: Energy Resources, Policy Processes and Law. SpringerNature.

2. Heffron R. J. (Consulting Editor). 6^th Edition. (2025). Halsbury’s Laws of England Energy Law: Volumes 42 (Energy Infrastructure and Supply), 43 (Energy Markets & Providers), and 44 (Energy Efficiency & Sustainability). LexisNexis, UK

3. Heffron, R. J. and Hazrati, M. 2024. The Rise of Restorative Justice in the Energy Transition and for Climate Mitigation. Springer: Heidelberg, Germany (2000+ downloads/sales)

4. McCauley, D., Lynn-Field, T., Heffron, R. J. and Todd, I. 2024. The Future of Just Transitions: Theory and Implementation. Edward Elgar: London

5. Heffron, R. J. and Fontenelle, L (editors). 2024. The Power of Energy Justice & the Social Contract. Springer: Heidelberg, Germany. (176,000+ downloads)

6. Nalule, V. R., Heffron, R. J. & Olawuyi, D. S. 2023. Renegotiating Contracts for the Energy Transition in the Extractives Industry. Springer: Heidelberg, Germany.

7. Heffron, R. J. 2021. Achieving a Just Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy. Springer: Heidelberg, Germany. (21,000+ copies sold to-date)

8. Heffron, R. J. 2021. The Challenge for Energy Justice: Correcting Human Rights Abuses. Springer: Heidelberg, Germany. (4000+ copies sold to-date)

9. Heffron, R. J. 2021. (2^nd Edition). Energy Law: An Introduction. Springer: Heidelberg, Germany. *Italian translation – October 2021; Chinese, Spanish and Turkish forthcoming. (12000+ sold to-date)

10. Southalan, J., Heffron, R. J., Safa’at, R., Nurjaya, I. N., & Dwi Qurbani, I. 2018. Reformulation of Law and Policy On Energy and Mining Management. Atlantis Press: Amsterdam, Paris, and Beijing. (Open Access).

11. Heffron R. J. (Consulting Editor). 5^th Edition. 2018. Halsbury’s Laws of England Energy Law: Volumes 42 (Energy Infrastructure and Supply), 43 (Energy Markets & Providers), and 44 (Energy Efficiency & Sustainability). LexisNexis, UK

12. Cameron, P. D. & Heffron, R. J. (editors). 2016. (2nd Edition) Legal Aspects of EU Energy Regulation. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.

13. Heffron R.J., & Little G. (Eds). 2016. Delivering Energy Law and Policy in the EU and US: A Reader. Edinburgh University Press: UK. Sold out of First Print run, on second print run.

14. Heffron. R. J. 2015. Energy Law. Roundhall, Sweet & Maxwell – Thomson Reuters: Dublin, Ireland: quotes from Book reviews: (1) ‘will be welcomed by students, lawyers and members of the judiciary alike for its clear and effective approach to the area’; (2) ‘it is suggested that it is likely that it will not be too long before there will be demands for a second edition.’; and (3)‘Dr Heffron offers a detailed account of energy law and policy. However, he does not stop at black-letter law but also provides a much-needed and thoughtful analysis of the potential areas of improvement.’

15. Heffron, R. J. 2015. Energy Law: An Introduction. Springer: Heidelberg, Germany: Persian and Chinese translation (September 2017), Spanish and Arabic (2021); over 12,000 downloads and hardcopies sold to-date (English language version)

16. Heffron. R. J. 2015. Deconstructing Energy Law and Policy: The Case of Nuclear Energy. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.

Journal Peer Review Publications

Published:

If you need a copy just email me please?

2025

1. Heffron, R. J. 2025. Welcoming an International Critical Minerals Treaty as part of the Global Climate Change and Sustainability Transition Agenda. Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 18, (5-6).
2. Karim, R., Heffron, R. J. and Ahmed, S. 2025. Justice and modern slavery in energy sector value chains. Energy Research & Social Science, 130, 104420.
3. Fernandez Intriago, L. 2025. Overcoming five key challenges to make the energy transition a just labor transition. Nature Communications, 16 (1) 7541.
4. Maissa, C., Saloua-Nassima, C. and Heffron, R. J. 2025. Employment Risk for the Global Oil and Gas Sector in light of Just Transition Policies. Energy and Climate Change, 100208.
5. Basil, C. V. and Heffron, R. J. 2025. A systematic review of the intersection between energy justice and human rights. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 221, 115892.

2024

1. Heffron, R. J., Foley, A. and Furszyfer Del Rio. 2024. The role of justice is set to shift accountability and responsibility in the energy sector, Nature Energy, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01544-4
2. Heffron, R. J. 2024. Green Jobs and the Just Transition: The Role of Green Employment in Advancing a Sustainable Future. Heinrich Boll Stiftung, Germany.
3. Heffron, R. J., Merdekawati, M., Suryadi, B. and Yurnaidi, Z. 2024. Defining a ‘Just Energy Investment’ for the ASEAN Just Transition. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 22, 100367.
4.  Castaneda Rodriguez,B., L Fernandez Intriago, L., Heffron, R. J. and Hyun, M. 2024. A Global and Inclusive Just Labor Transition: Challenges and Opportunities in Developing and Developed Countries, Environmental Defense Fund Economics Discussion Paper Series, EDF EDP, 24-03.
5. Heffron, R. J. & Sokolowski, M. M. 2024. Resolving energy policy failure: Introducing energy justice as the solution to achieve a just transition. Energy Policy, 187, 114042.
6. Hasan, Q., Heffron, R. J. Mohtadi, Blankenship, B. D., Overland, I. and Urpelainen, J. 2024. Stepping into the just transition journey: the Energy Transition in Petrostates. Energy Research and Social Science, 113, 103553.
7. Hussein, H. H., Heffron, R. J., Phillips, A. Jarin, J. B., and Basil, C. V. 2024. Future-proofing for green hydrogen in the Global South: a procedural justice perspective. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 1-19.
8. Foley, A., Heffron, R. J. Al Kez, D., Del Rio, DDF., McInerney, C. and Welfie. 2024. Restoring Trust in ESG investing through the adoption of just transition ethics. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 199, 114557.
9. Heffron, R. J. 2024. Energy justice – the triumvirate of tenets revisited and revised. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 42 (2), 227-233.
10. Phillips, A. and Heffron, R. J. 2024. A tale of two generations: Justice in cities for a low-carbon world. Journal of Urban Regeneration & Renewal, 18 (1), 59-74.

2023

1. Heffron, R. J. 2023. Repurposing for the just transition: energy companies need to future-proof their structure and strategy. Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 16 (3), 302-307.
2. Heffron, R. J. 2023. Ten Years of Energy Justice Research 2013-2023. International Energy Law Review, 5, 156-159.
3. Heffron, R. J.& De Fontenelle, L. 2023. Implementing Energy Justice through a New Social Contract. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 41 (2), 141-155.
4. Alomari, M. A. & Heffron, R. J. 2023. Middle eastern energy and climate ambitions: Vision 2030 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the influence of the legal environmental principles. Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 16 (5), 442-460.
5. Droubi, S., Galamba, A., Fernandes, F. K., de Mendonca, A. A. & Heffron, R. J. 2023. Transforming education for the just transition. Energy Research & Social Science, 100, 103090.
6. Heffron, R. J. et al, 2023. Pathways of scholarship for energy justice and the social contract. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 41 (2), 211-232.
7. Heffron, R. J. 2023. Energy Law for the next Generation, towards 2030 to 2050. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 41 (2), 131-139.
8. McCauley, D., Pettigrew, K. A., Heffron, R. J. & Droubi, S. 2023. Identifying, improving, and investing in national commitments to just transition: Reflections from Latin America and the Caribbean. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 100225.

2022

• Heffron, R. J. 2022. Applying energy justice into the energy transition. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 156, 111936.
• Heffron, R. J. & Foley, A. 2022. Promote clean-energy transition in student education. Nature, 607, 32.
• Kraal, D. & Heffron, R. J. 2022. Resource Rent Tax: its principles, application and need for change in Australia. Australian Tax Forum, 37 (3), 559-599.
• Heffron, R. J. 2022. Energy Law in Crisis: an energy justice revolution is needed. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 15 (3), 167-172.
• Vega-Araujo, J. & Heffron, R. J. 2022. Assessing elements of energy justice in Colombia: A case study on transmission infrastructure in La Guajira. Energy Research & Social Science, 91, 102688.
• Heffron, R. J. & McCauley, D. 2022. The ‘just transition’ threat to our Energy and Climate 2030 targets. Energy Policy, 165, 112949.
• Hanny, L., Wagner, J., Buhl, H. U., Heffron, R. J., Körner, M-F., Schöpf, M. & Weibelzahl, M. 2022. On the progress in flexibility and grid charges in light of the energy transition: The case of Germany. Energy Policy, 165, 112882.
• Heffron, R. J., Kornier, M-F., Sumarno, T., Wagner, J., Weibelzahl, M. & Fridgen, G. 2022. How different electricity pricing systems affect the energy trilemma: Assessing Indonesia’s electricity market transition. Energy Economics, 107, 105663.
• Sokolowski, M. M. & Heffron, R. J. 2022. Defining and conceptualising energy policy failure: The when, where, why, and how. Energy Policy, 161, 112745.
• Droubi, S., Heffron, R. J. & McCauley, D. 2022. A critical review of energy democracy: A failure to deliver justice? Energy Research & Social Science, 86, 102444.

2021

• Heffron, R. J., Downes, L., Rodriguez, O. & McCauley, D. 2021. The emergence of the ‘social licence to operate’ in the extractive industries? Resources Policy, 74, 101272.
• Heffron, R.J. 2021. Energy multinationals challenged by the growth of human rights. Nature Energy, 6, 849.
• Heffron, R. J. 2021. ‘Inclusive Energy Transition’, Commonwealth Sustainable Energy Transition Series 2021/01, Commonwealth Secretariat, London.
• Hazrati, M. & Heffron, R. J. 2021. Conceptualising restorative justice in the energy transition: changing the perspectives of fossil fuels. Energy Research and Social Science, 78, 102115.
• Alomari, M. A. & Heffron, R. J. 2021. Environmental Impact Assessment: A Middle Eastern Experience. Journal of Environmental Law, 2021, Advance Access.
• Heffron, R., Halbrugge, S., Körner, M., Obeng-Darko, N.A., Sumarno, T., Wagner, J. & Weibelzahl, M. 2021. Justice in Solar Energy Development. Solar Energy, 218, 68-75.
• Heffron, R. J., Körner, M., Sumarno, T., Wagner, J., Weibelzahl, M. & Fridgen, G. 2021. The Cost of No Reform: Assessing the Impact of Different Electricity Pricing Regimes on Indonesia’s Energy Trilemma. Asian Development Bank Working Paper Series.
• Heffron, R., Connor, R., Crossley, P., López-Ibor Mayor, V.,Talus, K. & Tomain, J. 2021. The identification and impact of justice risks to commercial risks in the energy sector: post COVID-19 and for the energy transition. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 39 (4), 439-468.
• Heffron, R., Körner, M., Schopf, M., Wagner, J., & Weibelzahl, M. 2021. The role of flexibility in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Contributing to a sustainable and resilient energy future in Europe. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 140 (110743)
• Qurbani, I. D., Heffron, R. J. & Rifano, A. T. S. 2021. Justice and critical mineral development in Indonesia and across ASEAN. The Extractives Industry and Society, 8 (1), 355-362.
• Alomari, M. A. & Heffron, R. J. 2021. Utilising law in the transition of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to a low-carbon economy. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 39, 107-118.

2020

• Heffron, R., Körner, M., Wagner, J., Weibelzahl, M. & Fridgen, G., 2020. Industrial demandside flexibility: A key element of a just energy transition and industrial development. Applied Energy, 269 (115026).
• Heffron, R. J. & Sheehan, J. 2020. Rethinking international taxation and energy policy post COVID-19 and the financial crisis for developing countries. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 38 (4), 465-473.
• Heffron, R. J. 2020. The Role of Justice in Developing Critical Minerals. The Extractives Industry and Society, 7 (3), 855-863.

2019

• McCauley, D., Ramasar, V., Heffron, R. J., Sovacool, B. K., Mebratu, D. & Mundaca, L. 2019. Energy justice in the transition to low carbon energy systems: Exploring key themes in interdisciplinary research. Applied Energy. 233-234, p. 916-921.

2018

• Heffron, R. J. 2018. The application of distributive justice to energy taxation utilising sovereign wealth funds. Energy Policy, 122, 649-654.
• Heffron, R. J. 2018. The Just Transition towards a Low-Carbon Economy. Renewable Energy Law and Policy, 8 (4), 39-41.
• Heffron, R. J., McCauley, D. & Zarazua de Rubens, G. 2018. Balancing the Energy Trilemma through the Energy Justice Metric. Applied Energy, 229, 1191-1201.
• Heffron, R. J., Downes, L., Bysveen, M., Brakstad, E. V., Tom Mikunda, T., Neele, F., Eickhoff, C., Hanstock, D. & Schumann, D. 2018. Reducing legal risk for CO2 transport for carbon capture and storage in the EU. International Energy Law Review, 6, 192-205. (Available via Westlaw).
• Heffron, R. J., Ronne, A., Bradbrook, A., Tomain, J. P. & Talus, K. 2018. A Treatise for Energy Law. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 11 (1), 34-48.
  • *Reproduced as a book chapter in three books.
• McCauley, D., Brown, A., Rehner, R., Heffron, R. & van de Graaff, S.  2018. Energy justice and policy change: An historical political analysis of the German nuclear phase-out. Applied Energy. 228, p. 317-323
• Heffron, R. J., Downes, L., Bysveen, M., Brakstad, E. V., Tom Mikunda, T., Neele, F., Eickhoff, C., Hanstock, D. & Schumann, D. 2018. Ownership, risk and the law for a CO2  transport network for carbon capture and storage in the European Union. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 36 (4), 433-462.
• Heffron, R. J. 2018. Energy law for decommissioning in the energy sector in the 21st century. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 11 (3), 189-195.
• Connor, R., Heffron, R. J., Khan, A.A. & Perkins, E. 2018. Legal Strategies for the Mitigation of Risk for Energy Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 37 (1), 47-66.
• McCauley, D. & Heffron, R. J. 2018. Just transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice. Energy Policy, 119, 1-7.
• Heffron, R. J., Downes, L., Bysveen, M., Brakstad, E. V., Tom Mikunda, T., Neele, F., Eickhoff, C., Hanstock, D. & Diana Schumann, D. 2018. Three Layers of energy law for examining CO2 transport for carbon-capture storage. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 11 (2), 93-115.
• Heffron R. J. & McCauley, D. 2018. What is the ‘Just Transition’? Geoforum, 88, 74-77.

2017

• Heffron R. J. et al. 2017. The Global Future of Energy Law. International Energy Law Review, 8, 291-302. (Translated and published in Chinese). (Available via Westlaw)
• Nuttall, W. J., Ashley, S. & Heffron, R. J. 2017. Compensating for severe nuclear accidents: expert elucidation. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 112, 131-142.
• Heffron, R. J. & McCauley, D. 2017. The concept of energy justice across the disciplines. Energy Policy, 105, 658-667.
• Jakobsen Jana Poplsteinova and others, 2017. Developing a Pilot Case and Modelling the Development of a Large European CO2 Transport Infrastructure -The GATEWAY H2020 Project. Energy Procedia, 6835-6843.

2016

• Heffron, R. J. & McManus, F. 2016. Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental Law in Scotland, 20, 1-28. (Available via Westlaw)
• Heffron, R. J. 2016. The Global Future of Energy Law. International Energy Law Review, 7, 290- 295. (Available via Westlaw)
• Sovacool, B., Heffron, R. J., McCauley, D & Goldthau, A. 2016. Energy decisions reframed as justice and ethical concerns. Nature Energy, 1, 16024.
• Heffron, R. J., Roberts, P., Cameron, P. & Johnston, A. 2016. A Review of Energy Law Education in the UK. Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 9 (5), 346-356.
• Heffron, R., Ashley, S. & Nuttall, W. J. 2016. The Global Nuclear Liability Regime Post Fukushima Daiichi. Progress in Nuclear Energy 90 (July 2016), 1-10.
• Heffron, R. J. & Talus. K. 2016. The Evolution of Energy Law and Energy Jurisprudence: Insights for Energy Analysts and Researchers. Energy Research and Social Science, 19, 1-10. (Translated and published in Chinese).
• Heffron, R. J. &Talus. K. 2016. The development of energy law in the 21^st century: a paradigm shift? Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 9 (3), 189-202.
• Jenkins, K, McCauley, D., Heffron, R., Stephan, H. & Rehner, R. 2016. Energy justice: a conceptual review. Energy Research and Social Science, 11, 174-182.
• McCauley, D., Heffron, R., Pavlenko, M., Rehner, R. & Holmes, R. 2016, ‘Energy justice in the Arctic: implications for energy infrastructural development‘. Energy Research and Social Science,16, 141-146.

2015

• Heffron R. J., McCauley D. & Sovacool B.K. 2015. Resolving Society’s Energy Trilemma through the Energy Justice Metric’, Energy Policy, 87, 168-176.

2014

• Heffron, R. J. 2014. Energy Subsidy Reporting: its creation and enforcement through International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). European Company Law, 11 (2), 133-136. (Available via Westlaw)
• Heffron, R. J. & McCauley, D. 2014. Achieving Sustainable Supply Chains through Energy Justice, Applied Energy, 123, 435-437.
• Heffron, R. J. & Haynes, P. J. 2014. Challenges to the Aarhus Convention – Public Participation in the Energy Planning Process in the United Kingdom: Framing the Debate. Journal of Contemporary European Research. 10 (2), 236-247.
• Heffron, R. J. 2014. Leadership and Policy Delivery in Regeneration Practice in a Time of Austerity. Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, 7 (3), 243-250.

2013

• Heffron, R. J. 2013. Nuclear Energy Policy in the United States 1990-2010: A Federal or State Responsibility. Energy Policy, 64, 254-266.
• Heffron, R. J. 2013. Accommodating Energy Law within Environmental Law: An Irish Exploration. Irish Planning and Environmental Law, 20 (2), 56-64. (Available via Westlaw)
• Heffron, R. J. 2013. Lessons for Nuclear New Build in the USA 1990-2010: A Three State Analysis. Technology Forecasting and Social Change, 80 (5), 876-892.
• Heffron, R. J. 2013. “The Need for Proactive over Reactive Nuclear Law for the International Nuclear Industry”. Oil, Gas and Energy Law, 11 (1), 1-21. (Available via OGEL)
• Heffron, R. J. 2013. The Application of Contrast Explanation to Energy Policy Research: UK Nuclear Energy Policy 2002-2012. Energy Policy, 55, 602-616.
• McCauley, D., Heffron, R. J. Stephan, H. & Jenkins, K. 2013. Advancing Energy Justice: The triumvirate of tenets. International Energy Law Review, 32 (3), 107-110. (Available via Westlaw)
• Heffron, J.A. & Heffron, R. J. 2013. Institutional Governance within Irish Higher Education Institutions. Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, 102 (405), 68-80. (Available via JSTOR).

2012

• Heffron, R. J. & Haynes, P. J. 2012. Striking a statutory balance: constant change in residential leases versus static change in commercial leases in the UK. The Conveyancer and Property Law Journal, 76 (3), 195-206. (Available via Westlaw)
• Heffron, R. J. & Kallemets, K. 2012. The Prospects of Nuclear Energy: Estonia. Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 6 (4), 495-503.
• Heffron, R. J. 2012. Lessons from the United States: For Legal Change and Delay in Energy Law in the United Kingdom. International Energy Law Review, 2012, 31 (2) 71-77. (Available via Westlaw)
• Heffron, R. J. 2012. A Justification for Redefining Competition Policy in the 21^st Century in the UK. Interdisciplinary Journal of Economics and Business Law, 1 (3), 74-117.
• Heffron, R. J. 2012. Romanian Nuclear New Build: Progress Amidst Turbulence. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 56, 43-60.

2011

• Heffron, R. J. & Haynes, P. J. 2011. Improving Urban Regeneration in the UK: Lessons from the Developing World. Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, 5 (1), 65-74.